![]() Recent studies have shown that distinct regions along the long axis of the hippocampus may control specific cognitive behaviours ( Strange et al., 2014). ![]() Furthermore, differences in neural activity have been observed across the anterior-posterior axis of the human brain at rest and during task-based activities ( Vogel et al., 2020 Strange et al., 1999). ![]() Reports showing the rodent equivalent of the hippocampal head and tail carrying out distinct roles can be traced back over 50 years ( Nadel, 1968). However, a promising avenue to understand how the hippocampus can accommodate its multiple functions is to study its long axis, which extends from its head (anterior) to its tail (posterior). Much of what is known about the hippocampus has come from studying the organization of a complex neural circuit along its short, transverse axis ( Marr, 1971). This small, cylinder-like structure is embedded in each brain hemisphere, where it participates in spatial navigation, episodic memory, emotional responses and other cognitive functions. Few questions in neuroscience generate as much debate and interest as: “what does the hippocampus do?”.
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